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95彩票投注2024-08-02

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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    【草原宝藏4】史前瓮城——后城咀石城******

    【遗址名片】

    龙山时代 距今约4300年-4000年

    位于呼和浩特市清水河县宏河镇境内

    2019-2022内蒙古自治区考古研究院发掘

      石城是一种防御、守护。北方地区石城文化与中原地区的夯土城、长江流域的堆土城等,形成早期中国的城市建筑区域体系。

      在内蒙古自治区清水河县黄河边上发现的后城咀石城,距今约4300年—4000年,是一处具备完整防御体系的史前瓮城遗迹,其年代与陕西神木石峁石城遗址同期或略早。

      后城咀石城由瓮城、外城、内城构成,是目前内蒙古中南部已知规模最大、等级最高的史前时期石城址,初现龙山时代的“古国”雏形。

      目前发掘已经辨明了后城咀石城由双壕沟、内外瓮城以及城墙构成的半月形防御建筑,是我国北方已知最早较为完整的城防体系。

      2019年—2022年,内蒙古自治区考古研究所对后城咀石城进行可考古发掘,累计发掘瓮城面积3000余平方米,揭露城垣、城门、马面、台基、墙垛、壕沟等遗迹二十余处,出土玉刀、玉环、陶鬲、陶瓮等重要文物十余件。

      通过对石城瓮城的考古发掘,发现瓮城是由外瓮城、内瓮城构成,外瓮城土坯建造的台基是河套地区龙山时代发现最早的土坯式建筑。连接瓮城内外的地下通道在国内史前时期属首次发现。

      这些新的发现对于推进河套地区文明化进程研究、探索河套地区史前聚落与文化的变迁历程,深化龙山时代石城聚落的源流与空间关系研究,探讨中国北方地带史前文化与文明起源研究,以及揭示早期中国的文明基因都具有极为重要的社会价值。

      经过对比研究发现,后城咀石城的双重壕沟和半坡遗址、哈民遗址、凌家滩遗址有着相似之处,内外瓮城的空间结构布局方式具有石峁和下塔古城的结构特征,外瓮城发现的土坯垒砌的台基建筑特点与仰韶文化台口类型、良渚文化以及屈家岭文化的土坯建筑特点有共同之处,壕沟内出土的野猪下颌骨可能用于祭祀,与大汶口、龙山、石家河、齐家等考古学文化出土的猪下颌骨功能相同。

      内蒙古龙山时代石城作为河套地区早期文明发展进程的重要支撑点之一,历经数十年的探索、研究,厘清了龙山时代石城文化内涵和社会组织结构,同时也进一步挖掘了龙山时代石城在漫长而复杂的文化演变和早期中国形成过程中所占据的重要地位,为研究河套地区龙山时代早期国家框架的形成提供了至关重要的考古资料。

    【草原宝藏4】史前瓮城——后城咀石城

    后城咀石城遗址。新华网发

      后城咀石城址的考古发掘与研究,对构建中华文明标识体系,证实中华文明延续不断、多元一体、兼收并蓄的发展脉络,丰富中国文化“满天星斗”的区系特征,阐释黄河文化深厚内涵等都具有重要社会价值,为中华文明多元一体格局的形成提供了重要实证材料。

      后城咀石城遗址城门发掘目前不过3000多平方米,如果对居住区、墓葬区进行考古发掘,更多考古的信息将揭秘,十分令人神往。

      出品人:曹建恩

      制片人:王宇天

      顾问:孙金松

      史料指导:孙金松 李亚新

      总监制:李国栋 赵建华

      统筹:张瑞锋 侯 俊 刘艳春 王贵兵

      监制:郝芳芳 乌兰托娅

      策划:徐红梅

      编导:徐红梅

      文字:徐红梅

      解说:刘弘轩

      拍摄:何晓东 吴佳明 呼很苏力

      剪辑:杨占青

      宣发:武杨

      页面设计:李新 张瑞娟

      出品:新华网内蒙古频道

      内蒙古自治区文物局

      内蒙古博物院

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